MBA英語(yǔ)：淺析句子構(gòu)成成分

2014-07-18 14:34 | 太奇MBA網(wǎng)

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　　MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)在整體中占有很大比重，今天簡(jiǎn)單介紹下構(gòu)成句子的成分，一共分為九種：主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。

　　一、主語(yǔ)：句子的核心主體，通常位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，表明一個(gè)句子是誰(shuí)或何種情況所發(fā)出

　　執(zhí)行或是承受的。常做主語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、主語(yǔ)從句、V-ing 、To do 五種。

　　1 名詞：

　　Success is the result of good judgment.

　　Life lights the candle of hope.

　　2 代詞：

　　We live and learn.

　　I doubt, therefore I think. I think, therefore I am.

　　3 主語(yǔ)從句：

　　How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.

　　What is worth doing is worth doing well.

　　4 V-ing:

　　Losing can be a real beginning.

　　Believing in yourself is the secret of success.

　　5 To do:

　　To light the candle of heart is better than to curse the darkness of the outside

　　world.

　　To know is wisdom and to do is a skill.

　　二、謂語(yǔ)：描述或闡述主語(yǔ)的情況，由動(dòng)詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，常位于主語(yǔ)之后。

　　1 表狀態(tài)用系動(dòng)詞：

　　Life is full of ups and downs.

　　Life is hope and hope is life.

　　2 表動(dòng)作用及物或不及物動(dòng)詞：

　　Many hands make light work.

　　I came I saw I conquered.

　　3 表?yè)碛校喝嘶蛭飼r(shí)用：have has 無(wú)生命的東西：there be

　　Every dog has its day.

　　In a full heart, there is room for everything.

　　4 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形：

　　A man may die, nations may fall, but an idea lives on.

　　三、賓語(yǔ)：及物動(dòng)詞或介詞所指向的對(duì)象。常做賓語(yǔ)的有名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、V-ing 、

　　To do 五種。

　　1 名詞：

　　Reading enriches our mind.

　　Haste makes waste.

　　2 賓語(yǔ)從句：

　　Goals determine what you are going to be.

　　Temptation discovers what we are.

　　3 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　If you lack confidence you will find it hard to win.

　　4 V-ing:

　　You are never a loser until you quit trying.

　　Reading is like opening a window to the outside world.

　　5 To do:

　　Winners expect to win in advance.

　　One should learn to forgive.

　　四、表語(yǔ)：接在系動(dòng)詞后，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況又稱為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常做表語(yǔ)的有名詞、形

　　容詞、V-ing 、To do、從句五種。

　　1 名詞：

　　Life is not a bed of roses.

　　Today is our only sure possession.

　　2 形容詞：

　　Time is fleeting and art is long.

　　Change is constant.

　　3 V-ing:

　　Courage is doing what others think you can’t do.

　　Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.

　　4 To do:

　　To change attitude is to change life.

　　The proper function of man is to live, not to exist.

　　5 從句：

　　The real measure of success is how happy we are.

　　Love is what links two souls.

　　五、定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或類似于名詞的詞。一般翻譯為“„„..的”，表示事物性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，

　　分為前置或后置。常做定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞、V-ing 、To do、從句五種。

　　1 形容詞：

　　A warm smile is the universal language.

　　Each moment in history is a fleeting time.

　　2 名詞：

　　Adversity teaches one a great deal about survival skills.

　　Life education is the basis for success in the knowledge society.

　　名詞做定語(yǔ)(名詞修飾名詞重要原則：第一個(gè)名詞一般用單數(shù) 以下為常用名詞修飾名詞詞

　　組)

　　1 Information technology

　　2 Information center

　　3 Credit card

　　4 Generation gap

　　5 Beauty contest

　　6 Communication skills

　　7 Information age

　　8 Knowledge economy

　　9 Peace talks

　　10 Service industry

　　11 Water scarcity

　　12 Survival skills

　　13 Press conference

　　14 Safety standard

　　15 Life insurance

　　16 Weather forecast

　　17 Reception desk

　　18 Coffee break

　　19 Body guard

　　20 Heart attack

　　21 Department store

　　22 Stock market

　　23 Office building

　　24 Science fiction

　　3 V-ing:

　　Failure is a learning experience.

　　The starting point of all achievements is desire.

　　4 To do:

　　There is no time to lose.

　　One’s greatest power is the power to choose.

　　5 定語(yǔ)從句：

　　That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.

　　Success is a process that never ends.

　　六、狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整句的詞或句。按照功能分十一種：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原

　　因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件、讓步、比較、伴隨、評(píng)注。常做狀語(yǔ)的有副詞 、狀語(yǔ)從句 、

　　狀語(yǔ)從句省略結(jié)構(gòu) 、To do 、V-ing 、V-ed 六種。

　　1 副詞 ：

　　Still water runs deep.

　　One should have clearly defined goals.

　　Excellency is doing ordinary things extraordinarily well.

　　Clearly, one’s fate is in his/her own hands.

　　2 狀語(yǔ)從句 ：

　　When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back to you.

　　Nothing is ordinary if one knows how to use it.

　　3 狀語(yǔ)從句省略結(jié)構(gòu) ：

　　If possible, go after your dream forever!

　　4 To do ：

　　To associate with friends, one should be honest and open.

　　To leap higher, one can draw back.

　　5 V-ing ：

　　Lacking a clear world outlook, life becomes a kind of burden.

　　Bad books are poison, doing harm to one’s heart and soul.

　　6 V-ed ：

　　United we stand; divided we fall.

　　Well done, the smallest task becomes a miracle of achievement.

　　七、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的情況，又稱表語(yǔ))、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的

　　情況)常做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有形容詞和To do 兩種。

　　1 形容詞：

　　Histories make men wise.

　　Love makes the world more colorful for all.

　　2 To do:

　　Difficulties train one to be great.

　　Motive urges one to make progress.

　　八、同位語(yǔ)：句子中的兩種成份表達(dá)同一種概念，即A=B 稱之為同位語(yǔ)。常做同位語(yǔ)的有

　　名詞和從句兩種。

　　1 名詞：

　　We should make full use of today, the hope of tomorrow.

　　Never give up your dream, the source of happiness.

　　2 從句：

　　Failure is a sign that one should explore other opportunities.

　　The fact that you have tried your best is in itself a big victory.

　　九、插入語(yǔ)

　　插入語(yǔ)是說(shuō)話者對(duì)所表達(dá)意思的補(bǔ)充、強(qiáng)調(diào)、解釋或者說(shuō)話的態(tài)度，其位置靈活，常常用逗

　　號(hào)或破折號(hào)與其它成分隔開(kāi)，并且在語(yǔ)法上不影響其他成分。

　　1 Indeed 的確，

　　2 Surely 無(wú)疑，

　　3 However 然而，

　　4 Obviously 顯然，

　　5 Frankly 坦率地說(shuō)，

　　6 Naturally 自然，

　　7 Luckily (或happily)for somebody 算某人幸運(yùn)，

　　8 Fortunately/Luckily 幸好，

　　9 Roughly 大體上來(lái)說(shuō)，

　　10 Briefly 簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),

　　11 Strange to say 說(shuō)也奇怪，

　　12 Needless to say 不用說(shuō)，

　　13 Most important of all 最為重要是，

　　14 Worse still 更糟糕的是，

　　15 In a few words(或in sum，in short)簡(jiǎn)而言之，

　　16 In other words 換句話說(shuō)，

　　17 In a sense 在某種意義上，

　　18 In general 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，

　　19 In my view 在我看來(lái)，

　　20 In conclusion 總之，

　　21 In summary 概括地說(shuō)，

　　22 To be true 誠(chéng)然，

　　23 In the first place 首先